TokenWeave: Efficient Compute-Communication Overlap for Distributed LLM Inference

Distributed inference of large language models (LLMs) using tensor parallelism can introduce communication overheads of 20% even over GPUs connected via NVLink, a high-speed GPU interconnect. Several techniques have been proposed to mitigate these overheads by decomposing computations into smaller tasks and overlapping communication with these subtasks. However, none of these techniques are turned on by default during tensor-parallel serving in systems like vLLM, SGLang and TensorRT-LLM. This is because the number of tokens processed per iteration is typically kept small to support low-latency serving, and decomposing such smaller workloads to enable communication overlap results in worse performance. Further, the communication itself uses many streaming multiprocessors (SMs) that would otherwise be available for computation, increasing overhead. We present TokenWeave, the first system to enable efficient compute-communication overlap for tensor-parallel model inference for token lengths as small as 1024. TokenWeave identifies RMSNorm, a previously overlooked operation, as crucial and optimizes it along with communication by implementing a novel fused AllReduce–RMSNorm kernel. Further, this kernel leverages the NVSHARP/Multimem feature available on modern GPUs (e.g., Hopper, Blackwell) to jointly perform communication and RMSNorm efficiently using only 2–8 streaming multiprocessors (SMs) on an 8xH100 NVIDIA DGX system. Our evaluations demonstrate up to 1.28x speedup in latency (baseline÷ours) and up to 1.19x higher throughput (ours÷baseline) across multiple models and workloads. In several settings, TokenWeave delivers better performance than an equivalent model with all communication removed. The source code is available at https://github.com/microsoft/tokenweave.